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Attribution of APs
quickinfo

  • An attribution involves an adjective phrase (AP) that is attributed of a noun (N), and usually precedes the noun, as in this example:
    1
    'n rooi sonsondergang
    a red sunset
  • The adjective will inflect or not, depending on the phonological shape of the word.

    Polysyllabic stems:

    Polysyllabic stems, as in the example of arrogant below, normally inflect before all nouns.

    2
    a. Die vent is arrogant.
    the bloke be.PRS arrogant
    The bloke is arrogant.
    b. 'n arrogant·e vent
    an arrogant·ATTR bloke
    an arrogant bloke
    Exceptions to this rule are adjectives ending in -er or -e, which normally do not receive the inflecting suffix (or a further suffix) -e :
    3
    haar suiwer stem
    her pure voice
    4
    die beskeie man
    the modest man

    Monosyllabic stems:

    Monosyllabic adjectives (and compound adjectives that end in a monosyllabic stem) may or may not inflect, depending on the auslaut of the stem.

    For instance, if the adjective ends in a sonorant, such as /n/, /m/, /l/ or /r/, plus /d/, inflection is mandatory, as in this example:

    5
    groot rond·e kase
    large round·ATTR cheeses
    large round cheeses
    A second environment which induces inflection is a vowel (high or long), such as /u/ or /a:/, followed by /x/.

    When the schwa is added, a sound change takes place, in that the /x/ is deleted between the two vowels. Such intervocalic elision occurs, for example, when the adjective moeg tired is used attributively, and is inflected:

    6
    a. Die reisigers is moeg.
    The travellers are tired.
    b. moe·ë reisigers (< moeg·e)
    tired·ATTR travellers
    tired travellers

    Note that after the delection of the intervocalic letter g (i.e. the sound /x/), the letter e (i.e. the schwa) which now starts a new syllable, is written with a diaeresis, as ë, to indicate the start of the syllable, as is shown by the example above.

    In the case of closed syllables which are written with a double vowel, such as vaag vague, the deletion of /x/ results in an open syllable, and the vowel is represented by a single lettter, as in this example:

    7
    a. Die beeld is vaag.
    The image is vague.
    b. va·e beelde (< vaag·e)
    vague·ATTR images
    vague images

    The two factors mentioned above often combine, so that the orthographic result of /x/ deletion and a consequent open syllable has to be reflected, as in this example:

    8
    a. My lippe is droog.
    My lips are dry.
    b. dro·ë lippe (< droog·e)
    dry·ATTR lips
    dry lips

    A number of monosyllabic adjectives ending in /d/ also undergo intervocalic consonant deletion, with the same orthographic result, as in

    9
    a. Sy invloed strek wyd.
    his influence stretches wide
    His influence extends far.
    b. Hy het 'n wy·e invloed. (< wyd·e)
    he has a wide·ATTR influence
    He has a wide influence.
  • A noun may be omitted following an adjective and other prenominal elements. Such so-called noun ellipsis may result in the transfer of noun-like qualities to the relevant adjectives, so that nominalisation can be said to have occurred. Compare the sentences below:
    10
    a. 'n blou vlag en 'n geel vlag
    a blue flag and a yellow flag
    b. 'n blou vlag en 'n gel·e (< geel·e)
    a blue flag and a yellow·NMLZ
    a blue flag and a yellow one
    c. Die gel·e is goedkoper as die blou·e. (< geel·e)
    the yellow·NMLZ is cheaper than the blue·NMLZ
    The yellow one is cheaper than the blue one.
  • The attributive construction may contain a list of several APs. Such a stacking construction differs from coordination, and it exhibits characteristic orderings among the adjectives involved, depending on their morphonological or semantic type Emphatic inflection and semantic distinction. This is exemplified below:
    11
    die smaaklik·e kou·e rou vis (< koud·e)
    the tasty·ATTR cold·ATTR raw fish
    the tasty cold raw fish

readmore

The use of attributive adjective inflection was unmarked in incipient Afrikaans during the 18th and 19th centuries, and based on (however, not consistently) the gender-based inflection of adjectives before masculine and feminine nouns in Dutch. In time, the system of inflection shifted to the phonological structure of the adjective itself. Raidt (1983) provides a well-structured framework to categorise the various environments determining attributive inflection. (Raidt, E.H. 1983)

Inflection of attributive adjectives – polysyllabic stems

The general rule is that the attributive formant -e is suffixed to polysyllabic adjectives, more specifically adjectives containing a grammatical morpheme. Some examples:

12
'n verstaanbar·e vraag (< verstaanbaar·e)
an understandable·ATTR question
an understandable question
13
heerlik·e kos
delicious·ATTR food
delicious food
14
vinnig·e motors
fast·ATTR cars
fast cars

Exceptions are those already ending in -e, such as eie own in the example below.

15
a. Die keuse is my eie.
the choice be.PRS my own
The choice is my own.
b. Dit is my eie keuse.
it be.PRS my own choice
It is my own choice.

Adjectives ending in -er whether it forms part of the stem or represents a grammatical morpheme (such as the comparative suffix), do not, by default, inflect (whether is it a grammatical morpheme or not), as illustrated by the examples below:

16
Ostrander studente
clever students
17
'n lekker gesprek
a pleasant conversation
18
ou·er vroue (< oud·er)
old·CMPR women
older women

There are some exceptions to the -er rule, where forms with -er have the status of collocations as part of fixed (inherited from 17th century Dutch) expressions, and are inflected, as in:

19
'n verder·e vraag
a far·CMPR.ATTR question
a further question
20
by nader·e ondersoek
at close·CMPR.ATTR investigation
on closer investigation

In addition, adjectival compounds based on an uninflectable monosyllabic stem do not inflect, for example an intensive form such as 'n spierwit landskap a muscle.white landscape a snow-white landscape, or a compound of two lexical morphemes, such as goedkoop groente good.buy vegetables cheap vegetables But note that adjectives ending in -er ,

Various exceptions to the default apply to both polysyllabic (as above) and monosyllabic stems. Those applicable to monosyllabic stems are discussed under the heading where the relevant phonological process is categorised.

Monosyllabic stems

While it is extremely difficult to make provision for all possible phonological forms, certain regularities regarding monosyllabic adjective stems can be identified. Monosyllabic adjective stems receive the attributive formant -e, inter alia, in the following cases:

  • If the stem ends in a consonant cluster which consists of a sonorant plus /d/ (-md, -nd, -ld and -rd )

21
'n vreemd·e geluid
a strange·ATTR sound
a strange sound
22
'n wild·e jaagtog
a wild·ATTR chase
a wild chase
  • If the stem ends in a vowel plus /x/
23
la·e klanke (< laag·e)
vague·ATTR promises
low tones
24
dro·ë bestanddele (< droog·e)
dry·ATTR ingredients
dry ingredients
25
moe·ë reisigers (< moeg·e)
tired·ATTR travellers
tired travellers
26
rui·e wenkbroue (< ruig·e)
bushy·ATTR eyebrows
bushy eyebrows

Note that the intervocalic deletion of /x/ can bring about spelling changes, as illustrated in some examples above.

  • After a long or high vowel (or diphthong) plus /d/
27
wred·e aanvallers (< wreed·e)
cruel·ATTR attackers
cruel attackers

While this group is relatively restricted, some adjectives ending in /d/ under similar phonological (and orthographic) changes as in the case of invertocalic /x/ deletion, undergo intervocalic /d/ deletion, causing the concomitant spelling changes, as discussed above. Orthographically, an important difference is that (except for breed broad, of which the attributive form is breë (<breed·e)), the schwa is never represented by means of a diaeresis ( ë) in the case of /d/ deletion. Adjective stems ending in -d include also dood dead, goed good, goud golden, koud cold and wyd wide.

28
'n wy·e verskeidenheid (< wyd·e)
a wide·ATTR variety
a large assortment
29
kou·e water (< koud·e)
cold·ATTR water
cold water

Note that, phonologically, /d/ elision causes glide insertion, leading to forms such as [vəijə] and [kəuwə].

30
'n gou·e medalje (< goud·e)
a gold·ATTR medal
a gold medal
31
'n dooi·e perd (< dood·e)
a dead·ATTR horse
a dead horse

An example of an exception is oud old, of which the attributive form is ou, as in die Ou Testament the Old Testament, where /d/ deletion does take place, but no inflection. This is one of a few cases where the distinction between the attributive and predicate/adverbial forms are marked in a different way than by means of the schwa suffix. Two examples in this regard are jonk young and lank long, of which the attributive forms are jong, as in 'n jong meisie a young girl, and lang, as in 'n lang reis a long journey, respectively.

Returning to intervocalic /d/ deletion: Also note that inflection without /d/ deletion does occur in the case of some adjective stems containing a short vowel such as glad smooth, but that the vowel quality is retained by doubling the consonant in the spelling:

32
gladd·e bande (< glad·e)
smooth·ATTR tyres
smooth tyres

Other verb stems with short vowels and different auslaut consonants are facultative, and may or not inflect, as in the case of dor arid and fel severe, as in the following examples:

33
'n dor/dorr·e landskap
an arid/arid·ATTR landscape
an arid landscape
34
fel/fell·e kritiek
severe/severe·ATTR criticism
severe criticism
  • If the stem ends in a vowel plus /f/

Note that intervocalic voicing of /f/ occurs in all cases, as well as consonant doubling in the spelling where the quality of short vowels has to be maintained.

35
'n doww·e pyn (< dof·e)
a dull·ATTR pain
a dull pain
BUT
36
Die waarskuwing was nie om dow·e neute nie. (< doof·e)
the warning was not about deaf·ATTR nuts
The warning was not for nothing.
37
styw·e spiere (< styf·e)
stiff·ATTR muscles
stiff muscles
  • If the stem ends in a voiceless obstruent plus underlying /t/

Diachronically, the deletion of /t/ in syllable-final consonant clusters can be said to have taken place during the evolution of Afrikaans from 17th century Dutch; however, the /t/ reappears when the syllable structure is altered as a result of inflection, and /t/ starts the final syllable.

38
'n sagt·e teiken (< sag·e)
a soft·ATTR target
a soft target
39
'n vast·e inkomste (< vas·e)
a fixed·ATTR income
a fixed income
40
stipt·e gehoorsaamheid (< stip·e)
strict·ATTR obedience
strict obedience

Exceptions in colloquial language occur in the case of some items, for example 'n sleg vent a nasty character/fellow, but then with added emotive content.

  • If the stem ends in the rounded front vowel /y/, with epenthesis of /v/

This phenomenon is comparable to the syllable-initial realisation of cluster-final /t/ in adjective stems, except that its origin, evident from the spelling in Dutch, apparently represented a glide, and not an obstruent.

41
ruw·e berge (< ru·e)
rough·ATTR mountains
rough mountains
42
die sluw·e jakkals (< slu·e)
the wily·ATTR jackal
the wily jackal

Possibly as a result of the low frequency of this combination, the uninflected form is found often in examples like the following:

43
'n kru woord
a coarse word
  • If the stem ends in a consonant cluster, with final /s/.
44
'n wulps·e blondine
a voluptuous·ATTR blonde
a voluptuous blonde
45
met rats·e bewegings
with swift·ATTR movements
with swift movements
46
mals·e plantegroei
luxuriant·ATTR vegetation
luxuriant vegetation
  • If the stem ends in a vowel plus /s/
47
wys·e woorde om in gedagte te hou
wise·ATTR words for.COMP in thought PTCL.INF keep.INF
wise words to keep in mind
48
bos·e geeste (< boos·e)
evil·ATTR spirits
evil spirits

In this category, various exceptions occur, which in many cases correlate with semantic nuances, such as grys hare grey hair, but tot die gryse ouderdom until the grey age until old age, los buie loose showers scattered showers, but losse sedes loose morals. In many cases, inflection also correlates with a figurative connotation, or emphasis .

extra
x
Adjectival inflection in Cape Vernacular Afrikaans (Kaaps)

The inflectional patterns occurring in Standard Afrikaans, exemplified in examples (18) to (53), do not fully represent the Afrikaans diasystem. An analysis which is restricted to this variety would obfuscate linguistic phenomena which occur in colloquial varieties and are exposed much more to language contact (and possibly creolisation). In this section, the spotlight is turned to primary data which were collected during the 1980s among the speakers of Cape Vernacular Afrikaans (generally known as Kaaps), and particularly in the Malay, or Cape Muslim community. A few more recent and comparable examples will also be included.

The reason for selecting this variety is that the sociolinguistic circumstances which influenced the development of Kaaps during its period of formation strongly favoured the retention of features which were the result of the contact situation. Hence present-day Kaaps would form an excellent testing ground to determine whether the expected results of grammatical gender loss led to a regular, simplified adjectival system. The importance of taking note of both the morphonological rules for adjectival inflection in Standard Afrikaans as in the combined system is underlined by the fact that variants from Kaaps have increasingly been used in normative contexts such as the electronic and print media since 1994, when the first democratic elections took place in the country.

A comparative diachronic study which was undertaken on the basis of the data referred to above (Kotzé 1984:41-73) points to some interesting differences between Kaaps (K-Afr.) and the standard variety (SAfr.) in relation to adjectival inflection. In some respects, Kaaps has remained a more conservative dialect, in that monomorphemic adjectives retained an attributive formant in a relatively consistent fashion, as in the following examples, which show that regularisation has indeed occurred in this variety:

i
K: Saoedi-Arabië was 'n arm·e land.
Saudi Arabia was a poor·ATTR country
SV: Saoedi-Arabië was 'n arm land.
ii
K: 'n ryk·e man
a rich·ATTR man
SV: 'n ryk man
iii
K: jou ou·e lesse (< oud·e)
your old·ATTR lessons
SV: jou ou lesse
iv
K: 'n klein·e bietjie
a small·ATTR bit
a little bit
SV: 'n klein bietjie
v
K: 'n kort·e distansie
a short·ATTR distance
SV: 'n kort distansie
vi
K: lekker vars·e snoek
tasty fresh·ATTR snoek (barracouta)
SV: lekker vars snoek

These examples from Kaaps are a reflection of the general situation in late 18th century Cape Afrikaans (Raidt 1994:80). This pattern is also manifested in the attributive form of the possessive pronoun ons our, as in

vii
K: baie manne van ons·e mense
many men of our·ATTR people
SV: baie manne van ons mense
viii
K: hy sal nooit in ons·e pad staan nie
he will.AUX never in our·ATTR path stand
he will never stand in our way
SV: hy sal nooit in ons pad staan nie

The examples of this category also reflect the situation in the 19th century (Raidt 1994:280) in all varieties of Afrikaans. On the basis of the comparison, one will be able to conclude that the inflected form of monomorphemic attributive adjectives in present-day Kaaps forms a larger category than in the standard variety, in which the process of regularisation (i.e. through generalisation of -e suffixing) was reversed somehow or other before the the present pattern became fixed. On the other hand, the phonological processes in Kaaps which are linked to the inflectional patterns are largely the same, and the default categories in which inflection in Standard Afrikaans is compulsory are identical to those in Kaaps. Examples from the data are:

ix
K: 'n mens wat doen goei·e ietse (< goed·e)
a person that.REL does good·ATTR somethings
someone who does good things
SV: 'n mens wat goeie dinge doen

The rule according to which intervocalic /d/ is deleted (See heading 2 under Monosyllabic stems in the Read more section) is applicable in the example above.

In the example below, taken from a written Cape Muslim Afrikaans text, the inflectional rule applicable to polysyllabic stems (geestige (< geestig)), as well as that referring to intervocalic /x/ (hoë (< hoog)) deletion apply.

x
K: die geestig·e gemeenskap met Sy ho·ë baas (< hoog·e)
the spiritual·ATTR communion with his high·ATTR master
SV: die geestelike gemeenskap met sy hoë meester
extra
x
Examples of Attributive Adjective Inflection
Table 1: Examples of Attributive Adjective Inflection
Afrikaans adjective Attr. inflection English translastion Restricted use Unmarked Marked/Alternative Example
absoluut ...lute absolute
agterdogtig ·e suspicious
bedremmeld ·e sheepish, embarrassed
behoorlik ·e properly, proper
beteuterd ·e downcast, embarrassed
aaklig ·e awful, terrible
aamborstig ·e short-breathed, asthmatic
aangeklam ·de tipsy
aangenaam ..name pleasant
aangenome adopted
aanhoudend ·e continuous, continuously
aanloklik ·e attractive, alluring
aanlyn online
aanstaande coming, next ATTR
aansteeklik ·e contagious, catching
aanstellerig ·e affected, full of airs
aanstootlik ·e offensive, obnoxious
aantreklik ·e attractive
aanvaarbaar ...bare acceptable
aanvallend ·e aggressive
aanvallig ·e charming
aanwesig ·e present
abnormaal ...male abnormal
adellik ·e noble
afdraand ·e down-hill
afgunstig ·e jealous, envious
afskuwelik ·e horrible, detestable
afsonderlik ·e separate
afstootlik ·e repulsive
afsydig ·e aloof
afwesig ·e absent
aggressief ...siewe aggressive
agtelosig ·e careless
agterbaks ·e sly, underhand
agterlik ·e backward
agtermekaar neat
agterstallig ·e overdue
agterste hind, hindmost
agterstevoor wrong way round
al ·le all, every ATTR
algemeen ...mene general
alleen –, PRED alone ADV, PRED
allerbeste very best ATTR
allergies ·e allergic
amptelik ·e official
ander other ATTR
anders ·e different
angstig ·e fearful, terrified
apart ·e separate
arm poor arm en ryk mense ·e die arme drommel
arrogant ·e arrogant
astrant ·e cheeky
asvaal pale
avontuurlik ·e adventurous
baie many, much
bak cupped
bakleierig ·e quarrelsome
bang afraid, fearful 'n bang mens ·e hierdie bange nag
bankrot bankrupt, insolvent
basies ·e basic, basically
beangs ·te fearful
bedagsaam ...same considerate
bedek ·e concealed
bedompig ·e sultry, stuffy
bedonderd ·e mad, crazy
bedorwe spoilt
bedrywig ·e active, busy
beduiweld ·e eccentric, difficult [person]
bedwelmd ·e drugged, intoxicated
beeldskoon ...skone a real looker
been-af in love
begeerlik ·e desirable
behoeftig ·e needy, destitute
bejaard ·e elderly
bek-af down-hearted
bekend ·e known
bekoorlik ·e charming
bekwaam bekwame capable
belaglik ·e ridiculous
belangrik ·e important
beleefd ·e polite
bemoedigend ·e encouraging
benoud ·e stuffy
bepaald ·e certain, particular
bereid –, PRED prepared, willing
bergagtig ·e mountainous
beroemd ·e famous
berug ·te notorious
beseer ·de injured
besig ·e busy
besimpeld ·e silly
beskaafd ·e civilized
beskeie modest
beskikbaar ...bare available
beskonke under the influence
besope drunk
betalend ·e profitable
beter better 'n beter kans ·e na betere oorde verhuis
betrokke overcast, involved, relevant
betroubaar ...bare reliable
bevorderlik (~ vir) ·e beneficial, conducive
bevredigend ·e satisfactory
bewerig ·e shaky, trembling
bewolk ·te cloudy, overcast
bewus ·te conscious
bewusteloos ...lose unconscious
billik ·e fair, reasonable
bitter bitter 'n bitter pil ·e tot hulle bittere ontnugtering
blank ·e white [people]
blanko blank
bleek pale
bles bald
blind ·e blind
blink shining, bright
blitsig ·e quick as lightning
blitsvinnig ·e double quick
bloeddorstig ·e blood-thirsty
bloederig ·e smeared with blood
bloedig ·e bloody
bloedjonk ...jong very young
bloedmin very few, precious little
bloedrooi blood-red
daagliks ·e daily
danig, danig met ·e quite, fond of
dankbaar ...bare grateful
dapper brave almal dappper soldate ·e 'n dappere houding
deeglik ·e thorough
deeltyds ·e part-time
definitief ...tiewe definite
deftig ·e stylish, smart
deksels ·e jolly, damn
delikaat ...kate delicate
demokraties ·e democratic
desperaat ...rate desperate
destyds ·e then
deurmekaar mixed-up, confused
deurnat soaking wet
deurskynend ·e transparent
diep deep diep spore ·e diepe teleurstelling
diepgaande profound, radical
dierbaar ...bare dear, beloved
dierlik ·e animal, brutal
dieselfde the same
dig ·te dense, close, tight
digterlik ·e poetic
dik thick dik matte ·ke die dikke boek deurgelees
dikbek sulky
dikmond sulky
dikvellig ·e thick-skinned
direk ·te direct
disnis out cold PRED
dodelik ·e deadly
doelbewus ·te deliberate
doelloos ...lose aimless, goalless
doeltreffend ·e effective
doenig ·e busy
doenlik ·e feasible
dof dowwe dim
dol crazed, hectic dol honde ·le 'n dolle jaagtog
dolleeg ...leë completely empty
dom dim-witted, stupid dom keuses ·me domme dinge wat ek gesê het
donker dark 'n donker wolk ·e 'n donkere wanhoopsnag
donkerrooi dark red
dood dooie dead
doodbang petrified, scared to death
doodeerlik ·e downright honest
doodernstig ·e deadly serious
doodgewoon ...gewone quite common
doodmaklik ·e dead easy
doodmoeg ...moeë dead beat, dead tired
doodonskuldig ·e quite innocent
doodreg ·te dead right
doodsbleek deathly pale, ashen
doodsiek fatally ill, moribund
doodstil motionless, deadly quiet
doodtevrede perfectly content
doof dowe deaf
doofstom deaf and dumb
dooierig ·e listless, sluggish
dor arid 'n dor land ·re net dorre vlaktes
dors thirsty
dowerig ·e slightly deaf
draagbaar ...bare portable
draaglik ·e bearable
draderig ·e thready, fibrous
dragtig ·e gravid, with young
dreigend ·e menacing, threatening
driehoekig ·e triangular
drietalig ·e trilingual
driftig ·e passionate
dringend ·e urgent
drinkbaar ...bare potable
droewig ·e sad, dismal
dronk drunk
droog droë dry
druk busy, heavy
drukkend ·e oppressive
dubbel ·e double
dubbelsinnig ·e ambiguous, equivocal
duidelik ·e clear
duiselig ·e dizzy
duister dark, obscure 'n donker kamer ·e duistere geheime
dun thin
duskantste on this side, near ATTR
duur expensive 'n duur prys dure 'n dure les
duursaam ...same durable
dwaas dwase foolish
dwars cross
dynserig ·e hazy
edel ·e noble
eenmalig ·e unique
eenparig ·e unanimous
eensaam ...same lonely, solitary
eensgesind ·e at one, in harmony
eensydig ·e biased, one-sided
eentonig ·e monotonous
eenvoudig ·e simple, plain
eerbaar ...bare honest, virtuous
eerlik ·e honest, honourable
eersgebore first-born
eersgenoemde first-mentioned ATTR
eerskomende following, next ATTR
eertydse former ATTR
eervol ·le honourable
eetbaar ...bare edible
eeue oud ~ oue age-old
effektief ...tiewe effective
effens ·e slight
eg ·te genuine, authentic
egalig ·e steady
Egipties ·e Egyptian
egoïsties ·e selfish
eie own
eienaardig ·e strange, peculiar, funny
eiesinnig ·e headstrong, obstinate
eiewys self-conceited, stubborn
eina scanty, lame, poor
eindeloos ...lose endless
eintlik ·e real
eksie-perfeksie perfect
ekstra extra
elasties ·e elastic
elegant ·e elegant, stylish
elektries ·e electric
elektronies ·e electronic
elementêr ·e elementary
ellendig ·e miserable
ene a certain ATTR
eng narrow-minded, narrow
enig ·e any ATTR
enig only PRED
enigste only ATTR
enkel ·e single, a few
enorm ·e enormous
entoesiasties ·e enthusiastic
erg ·e bad, badly
ergerlik ·e offensive
ergste worst ATTR
erkentlik ·e grateful
ernstig ·e serious, seriously
ervare experienced
essensieel ...siële essential
etnies ·e ethnic
eweredig ·e proportional
ewig ·e eternal
fantasties ·e fantastic
fatsoenlik ·e decent
feestelik ·e festive
feilbaar ...bare fallible
fel fierce, sharp fel kritiek ·le 'n felle stryd
ferm firm, steady
figuurlik ·e figurative
fiks fit
filosofies ·e philosophical
finaal finale final
finansieel ...siële financial
fisiek ·e physical, bodily
fisies ·e scientific, physically
flambojant ·e flamboyant
flenters in smithereens PRED
flink smart, brisk, thorough 'n flink stappie ·e die polisie se flinke optrede
florerend ·e flourishing
flou dim, weak, silly flou verskonings ·e geen floue idee nie
fluks hard-working, diligent 'n fluks jong boer ·e hierdie flukse student
formeel ...mele formal
fors strong, sturdy 'n fors middeljarige man ·e sy pa se forse blik
foutief ...tiewe faulty, defective
fraai pretty fraai illustrasies ·e 'n fraaie poppie
fris fresh 'n fris windjie het gewaai ·e frisse, helder sopraanstem
frustrerend ·e frustrating
futiel ·e futile, in vain
futloos ...lose spiritless
fyn fine 'n fyn balans ·e 'n fyne woordspeling
fyngevoelig ·e sensitive
gaaf gawe fine, friendly
gaande crazy (about), exited
gaar cooked
galant ·e courteous
galbitter bitter as gall
galsterig ·e rancid
gangbaar ...bare acceptable
gans ·e whole, entire[ly], altogether ATTR, ADV
gapend ·e yawning, gaping
gasvry ·e hospitable
gaterig ·e full of holes, holey
geag ·te respected ATTR
gebak ·te baked, fried
gebal ·de clenched
gebars ·te cracked, burst
gebelg ·de offended, angry
geboë bowed, bent
gebore born
gebraai ·de grilled, roasted
gebreek ·te broken, crushed
gebrekkig ·e faulty, imperfect
gebreklik ·e disabled, deformed
gebroke broken
gebruiklik ·e customary
gebuk (~ gaan) ·ke bent, burdened ADV
gedaan gedane done, finished
gedeeltelik ·e partial
gedetermineerd ·e resolute
gedrink ·te tipsy, drunk PRED, ATTR
gedug ·te formidable
geduldig ·e patient
gedurig ·e continuous, constant
gedwonge forced
geel yellow
geesdriftig ·e enthusiastic
geestelik ·e spiritual, mental
geestig ·e witty, funny
gegewe given
gegoed ·e well-to-do, well-off ATTR
gegradueer ·de graduate
gegrief ·de resentful
gehard ·e tough, tempered
gehawend ·e tattered
geheg ·te attached
geheim ·e secret
geheimsinnig ·e mysterious
geholpe helped
gehoorsaam ...same obedient
geil lush, fertile
geïllustreer ·de illustrated
geïnteresseerd ·e interested
gek silly, fond of 'n gek gevoel ·ke gekke dinge doen
gekant (~ teen) set against
geklee geklede dressed
geklik ·e stupid
gekonfyt skilled, an old hand PRED
gekrenk ·te hurt [fig.]
geldelik ·e financial ATTR, ADV
geldgierig ·e avaricious, greedy for money
geldig ·e valid
geleë situated, convenient
geleerd ·e learned
geleidelik ·e gradual
geletterd ·e literate
geliefd ·e popular
geliefkoos ·de favourite
geloofwaardig ·e credible
gelukkig ·e happy, lucky, fortunate
gelyk ·e level, equal
gelykop
gelyktydig ·e simultaneous
gemaklik ·e comfortable, easy
gemeen gemene mean, dirty, in common
gemeenskaplik ·e common, collective
gemeng ·de mixed
gemiddeld ·e average
genadig ·e merciful, lenient
geniepsig ·e hurting,nasty
genotvol ·le enjoyable
geolie ·de oiled, lubricated
geoorloof ·de permissible
gepas ·te appropriate, fitting
gereed ready, prepared PRED
gereël ·de arranged
gereeld ·e regular
geregtig ·de entitled
geregverdig ·de justified
gerieflik ·e comfortable
gering ·e slight
gerus ·te at ease, calm
gesaghebbend ·e authoritative
gesamentlik ·e joint, total
geseënd ·e blessed
gesellig ·e sociable, cosy
geset ·te stout, corpulent, set
geskiedkundig ·e historic, historical
geskik ·te suitable, appropriate
geskool ·de trained
geslaag ·de successful
geslepe cunning
geslote closed
gesond ·e healthy
gespanne tense
gespierd ·e muscular
gespikkel ·de speckled, spotted
gespits ·te pointed
gesproke spoken
getrou ·e faithful, loyal
geurig ·e fragrant, tasty
gevaarlik ·e dangerous
gevange captive, imprisoned
gevat ·te witty
gevleg ·te braided, plaited
gevlek ·te spotted, stained
gevoelig ·e sensitive
gevoelloos ...lose callous, numb
gevoelvol ·le tender
gewaag ·de risky
gewapen ·de armed
gewelddadig ·e violent
geweldig ·e enormous, mighty
gewens ·te desired
gewese former, ex- ATTR
gewetenloos ...lose unscrupulous
gewigtig ·e important
gewild ·e popular
gewillig ·e willing, ready
gewis ·se certain
gewoon gewone common, normal
gewoond (~ aan) accustomed, used to
giftig ·e poisonous, venomous
gitswart pitch black
glad ·de slippery, smooth
glashelder crystal-clear
glibberig ·e slippery
goddelik ·e divine
goddeloos ...lose godless, naughty
godsdienstig ·e religious, devout
goed goeie good
goedgelowig ·e naïve, credulous
goedhartig ·e kind-hearted, good-natured
goedkoop cheap
goor nasty
gou quick, soon PRED, ADV
goue –, ATTR golden, gold-coloured
grasgroen grass-green
gratis free
gretig ·e keen, eager
grieselig ·e creepy, gruesome
groen green, unripe
grof growwe rough, coarse
grondwetlik ·e constitutional
groot big, huge 'n groot verskeidenheid boeke grote die grote God
grusaam ...same gruesome, horrible
grys grey 'n grys oggend in Londen ·e in die gryse verlede
gulsig ·e greedy
gunstig ·e favourable, opportune
guur gure unpleasant, inclement
haaks squared, right-angled, at loggerheads
haarfyn in detail
haastig ·e hasty, in a hurry
haglik ·e critical, desperate
half halwe half, semi- ATTR, ADV
halfjaarliks ·e half-yearly, every six months
handgemeen fighting hand to hand PRED
handig ·e handy, clever
hans hand-fed, orphan
hard ·e hard, loud
hardhandig ·e harsh, rough
hardkoppig ·e stubborn
hardlywig ·e constipated
hardnekkig ·e obstinate
hardvogtig ·e callous, hard-hearted
hardwerkend ·e diligent, hard-working
harig ·e hairy
hartlik ·e cordially
hartstogtelik ·e passionate, passionately
hatig ·e spiteful, vengeful
heel hele whole, entire
heeltyds ·e fulltime
heerlik ·e delightful, delicious
hees hoarse
heet hot heet sonstrale hete op hete kole
heg ·te firm, solid
heilig ·e holy, sacred
heimlik ·e secret
helder bright, clear
helderrooi bright red
hels ·e devilish, hellish
heuwelagtig ·e hilly
hewig ·e violent, heavy
higiënies ·e hygienic
hinderlik ·e annoying, inconvenient
hiperkorrek ·te hypercorrect
hiperkrities ·e hypercritical
hipermodern ·e hypermodern
histeries ·e hysterical
histories ·e historical, historic
hoër higher fondse met hoër opbrengste ·e gereed vir hoëre louere
hoflik ·e polite
hol hollow 'n hol kol op die maag ·le holle beloftes
holrug hackneyed PRED, ADV
hondmak tame as a dog
honger hungry
hoog hoë high
hoogdrawend ·e pompous
hooghartig ·e haughty
hoogmoedig ·e haughty, proud
hoogste highest, utmost
hoopvol ·le full of hope
hopeloos ...lose beyond hope, hopeless, hopelessly
horisontaal ...tale horizontal
houtgerus ·te unconcerned
hubaar ...bare eligible, marriageable
huidig ·e present, current ATTR
huilerig ·e crying ,whimpering
huislik ·e domestic, homely
huiwerig ·e hesitant
hulpeloos ...lose helpless, helplessly
hulpvaardig ·e cooperative, helpful
humeurig ·e moody
hups ·e lively
ideaal ideale ideal
idiomaties ·e idiomatic
immoreel ...rele immoral
imposant ·e impressive
indirek ·te indirect
individueel ...duele individual
indringend ·e penetrating
indrukwekkend ·e impressive
industrieel ...triële industrial
informeel ...mele informal
ingebore innate
ingedagte lost in thought
ingemaak ·te canned
ingenome pleased
ingeskrewe registered
ingeslote enclosed
ingetoë modest
ingewikkeld ·e complicated
ingrypend ·e far-reaching
inhalig ·e greedy
inheems ·e indigenous
inmekaar together, into each other PRED, ADV
innig ·e intimate, sincere
inskiklik ·e obliging, accommodating
inspannend ·e strenuous
intelligent ·e intelligent
interessant ·e interesting
interkerklik ·e interdenominational
internasionaal ...nale international
intiem ·e intimate
irrasioneel ...nele irrational
jaarliks ·e annual, every year
jags ·e lecherous, on heat
jaloers ·e jealous
jammer –, PRED sorry
jeugdig ·e youthful, juvenile
jeukerig ·e itching
jolig ·e jolly
jonk jong young, late 'n jong student jonge met die jonge Marie aan jou sy
junior junior
kaal naked, bald 'n kaal bolyf kale bly slegs die kale beendere oor
kaalgat stark naked
kaalkop bald head
kaalvoet barefoot
kaduks ·e dog-tired, finished
kalm calm kalm denke ·e met 'n kalme waardigheid
kapabel likely to
kapot gone to pieces, exhausted PRED
karig ·e scant, scantily
kastig ·e so-called, as if
katools ·e on heat
katswink dazed PRED
katterig ·e catty, quarrelsome
kenmerkend ·e characteristic
kersregop bolt upright
kielierig ·e ticklish
kiertsregop bolt upright
kieskeurig ·e particular
kiets quits, even PRED
kinderagtig ·e childish, silly
kinderlik ·e childlike, innocent
kinderloos ...lose childless
kinds ·e senile
klaar finished, ready
klaarblyklik ·e obvious
klaarpraat (met done, finished PRED
klam damp
klein little, small 'n klein dorpie ·e die kleine Mpondo
kleinserig ·e over-sensitive
klerklik ·e clerical
klewerig ·e sticky
kliphard ·e as hard as stone
klipperig ·e stony
klokhelder clear as a bell
knap smart
knaphandig ·e skilful
knorrig ·e grumpy
knus snug, cosy
koddig ·e funny, odd
koel cool, chilly koel weer ·e 'n gesindheid van koele afsydigheid
koelbloedig ·e cold-blooded
koelerig ·e rather cool, fresh
kolonialisties ·e colonialist
kolossaal ...sale colossal
komieklik ·e funny
komies ·e comical
kommersieel ...siële commercial
kompak ·te compact
koninklik ·e royal
konsekwent ·e consistent
konserwatief ...tiewe conservative
koorsagtig ·e feverish, urgent
koorsig ·e feverish
koppig ·e stubborn, obstinate
kordaat ...date bold, brave
korrek ·te correct
kort short, brief ·e van korte duur
kortaf blunt, abrupt
kortgebakerd ·e short-tempered
kortgebonde short-tempered
kosbaar ...bare precious
kosteloos ...lose free
koud koue cold
koulik ·e sensitive to cold
kragtig ·e powerful
kranksinnig ·e crazy, insane
krimineel ...nele criminal
kritiek ·e crucial, very important
krities ·e critical
krom curved, bent
kru coarse
kuis chaste 'n kuis neklyn ·e die kuise Josef probeer verlei
kultureel ...rele cultural
kundig ·e knowledgeable
kunsmatig ·e artificial
kunstig ·e artistic
kurkdroog ...droë as dry as cork
kwaad kwater, kwaadste angry, serious, strict PRED
kwaad kwade, erger, ergste bad, evil met kwade bedoelings
kwaai bad-tempered, strict, difficult 'n kwaai hond, kwaai woorde, 'n kwaai opdraande
kwetsend ·e hurtful, offensive
laag lae low
laasgenoemde latter ATTR
laaste last
laat late 'n laat stadium late ten spyte van die late uur
laf lawwe senseless, tasteless
lafhartig ·e cowardly
lagwekkend ·e funny
laks lazy die laks werknemer ·e die spelers se lakse houding
lam lame
langdurig ·e prolonged, protracted,chronic
langsaam ...same slow, slowly
lank lang long lang gesprekke lange op die lange duur
lastig ·e troublesome, difficult
lawaaierig ·e noisy
ledig ·e idle
leeg leë empty, unoccupied
leergierig ·e eager to learn
leersaam ...same instructive
lekker nice, pleasant, good, well, very
lekkerlyf tipsy
lelik ·e ugly, nasty, grave
lendelam ramshackle
letterlik ·e literal
lewendig ·e lively, living
lewenslank ...lange lifelong
lewenslustig ·e spirited, full of life
liberaal liberale liberal, broad-minded
liederlik ·e dirty, filthy
lief liewe dear, sweet, kind
lieflik ·e lovely
lig ·te light
liggelowig ·e gullible
ligsinnig ·e frivolous
linkerkantse left-hand
links ·e left-handed, leftist
linkshandig ·e left-handed
listig ·e cunning, sly
literêr ·e literary
log ·ge cumbersome
logies ·e logical
lokaal lokale local
lokatief ...tiewe locative
lomerig ·e drowsy
lomp clumsy 'n groot en lomp staatsdiens ·e die lompe hantering van hierdie saak
lonend ·e worthwhile
los loose 'n los donkie ·e van losse sedes
lou lukewarm
louter sheer louter plesier ·e loutere onsin
lowergroen bright green
lughartig ·e light-hearted
lugtig ·e wary
lui lazy lui mense ·e die luie lummel
luid ·e loud
luidkeels ·e at the top of one's voice
luidrugtig ·e noisy, rowdy
luisterryk ·e lustrous, magnificent
lusteloos ...lose listless, spiritless
lydend ·e suffering
lywig ·e thick, corpulent
maandeliks ·e monthly
maatskaplik ·e social
maer lean, thin
magteloos ...lose powerless
mak tame
maklik ·e easy
mal mad, crazy die mal perd opsaal ·le die malle gejaag, my malle moer
manjefiek ·e magnificent
mank limping
manlik ·e male, masculine
massief ...siewe massive
matig ·e moderate
medies ·e medical
meerdere greater
meeste –, ATTR most
meesterlik ·e masterly, brilliant
melaats ·e leprous
menslik ·e human
menswaardig ·e decent, worthy of a human being
merkbaar ...bare noticeable
merkwaardig ·e remarkable
middeljarig ·e middle-aged
middelmatig ·e mediocre
middelste central ATTR
mildelik ·e lavishly, liberally
militêr ·e military
min few, little, minus, less
minder fewer, less minder kennis ·e in mindere of meerdere mate
minderwaardig ·e inferior
minste fewest, least ATTR
mis amiss, wrong PRED, ADV
misleidend ·e misleading
mislik ·e horrible, sick, nauseous
mismoedig ·e discouraged
misterieus ·e mysterious
mistig ·e foggy, misty
modderig ·e slushy, muddy
modern ·e modern
modieus ·e stylish
moedeloos ...lose discouraged
moedig ·e courageous
moedswillig ·e wilful, mischievous
moeg moeë tired
moeilik ·e difficult
mondeling ·e oral
mondig ·e of age
mooi beautiful, nice die mooi foto's ·e in die mooie Kaap
moontlik ·e possible
moorddadig ·e murderous
morbied ·e morbid
morsaf clean off
morsdood ...dooie stone-dead
morsig ·e messy
muf muwwe mouldy
musikaal musikale musical
muwwerig ·e rather musty
naak ·te nude, naked
naamloos ...lose anonymous
naar nare sick, unpleasant, awful
naaste nearest
naburig ·e neighbouring
naby ·e close
nabygeleë nearby
nadelig ·e detrimental
nader ·e nearer
nadruklik ·e emphatically
nagblind ·e night-blind
nagraads ·e post-graduate
naïef naïewe naive
nakend ·e naked
nalatig ·e negligent
na-oorlogs ·e post-war
nasaal nasale nasal
nasionaal ...nale national
nat wet, moist
natterig ·e rather wet
natuurgetrou ·e true to nature
natuurlik ·e natural
naywerig ·e envious, jealous
nederig ·e modest, humble
neerbuigend ·e condescending
neerdrukkend ·e depressing
neerhalend ·e derogatory
neerslagtig ·e despondent
negatief ...tiewe negative
nerf-af with skin chafed off
netelig ·e thorny, delicate
netjies ·e neat, nice
neusoptrekkerig ·e snooty, choosy
neutraal neutrale neutral
nie-amptelik ·e unofficial
nietig ·e insignificant, invalid
niksbeduidend ·e insignificant
niksseggend ·e meaningless
niksvermoedend ·e unsuspecting
nikswerd worthless
nimlik ·e very same
nodig ·e necessary
nonchalant ·e casual
noodlottig ·e fatal
noodsaaklik ·e necessary, essential
noodwendig ·e inevitable, necessarily
noordelik ·e northern
normaal normale normal
nors grumpy 'n nors buurvrou ·e die norse Katrien
nostalgies ·e nostalgic
nou ·e narrow
nougeset ·te meticulous
noukeurig ·e close(ly), precise(ly)
nugter sober op 'n nugter maag ·e nugtere ontleding
nukkerig ·e sulky
numeries ·e numerical
nutteloos ...lose useless
nuttig ·e useful
nuuskierig ·e inquisitive
nuut nuwe new
nuwerwets ·e modern, new-style
nydig ·e envious, jealous
nypend ·e nipping
objektief ...tiewe objective
oënskynlik ·e apparent
oeroud ...oue ancient
olierig ·e oily
olik ·e unwell
Olimpies ·e Olympic
omgekrap ·te untidy
omgekrap ·te irritable
omgeslaan ·de, omgeslane overturned
omliggende surrounding
omsigtig ·e cautious
omslagtig ·e roundabout
omstrede controversial
onaangenaam ...name unpleasant
onaanvaarbaar ...bare unacceptable
onaardig ·e unpleasant
onaf incomplete
onafgebroke incessantly
onafhanklik ·e independent
onafwendbaar ...bare inevitable
onbaatsugtig ·e unselfish
onbarmhartig ·e merciless
onbeantwoord ·e unanswered
onbedaarlik ·e uncontrollable
onbedagsaam ...same inconsiderate
onbeduidend ·e insignificant
onbegaanbaar ...bare impassable
onbegonne impossible, not possible to start ATTR
onbegryplik ·e incomprehensible
onbeholpe clumsy
onbehulpsaam ...same unhelpful
onbekend ·e unknown
onbepaald ·e indefinite
onbereikbaar ...bare inaccessible
onberispelik ·e impeccable
onbeskaaf ·de uncivilised
onbeskof ·te rude
onbetaald ·e unpaid
onbetaamlik ·e improper, indecent
onbetroubaar ...bare unreliable
onbevoeg ·de incompetent
onbevooroordeeld ·e unprejudiced
onbeweeglik ·e unyielding, immovable
onbewoonbaar ...bare uninhabitable
onbewus (van ·te unaware of
onbillik ·e unfair
onbruikbaar ...bare unusable
ondankbaar ...bare ungrateful, thankless
ondenkbaar ...bare unimaginable
onderdanig ·e submissive
onderduims ·e underhand, sly
ondergeskik ·te subordinate, unimportant
onderhewig (aan subject
onderhorig ·e inferior
onderhoudend ·e entertaining
onderling ·e mutual
onderste bottom
onderstebo upside-down
ondeund ·e mischievous
ondeurdag ·te thoughtless
ondeurdringbaar ...bare impenetrable
ondeursigtig ·e opaque
ondraaglik ·e unbearable
ondrinkbaar ...bare undrinkable
onduidelik ·e unclear, indistinct
oneerbiedig ·e disrespectful
oneerlik ·e dishonest
oneg ·te fake, improper
oneindig ·e endless
onervare inexperienced
onfeilbaar ...bare infallible
ongeduldig ·e impatient
ongeërg ·de careless, casual
ongegrond ·e unfounded
ongehoord ·e unheard of
ongehoorsaam ...same disobedient
ongeleë inconvenient
ongeleerd ·e uneducated, rude
ongeletterd ·e illiterate
ongelooflik ·e incredible
ongeloofwaardig ·e unreliable, untrustworthy
ongelowig ·e unbelieving
ongelukkig ·e unhappy, unfortunate
ongelyk ·e uneven, unequal, odd
ongemaklik ·e uncomfortable, uneasy
ongemanierd ·e ill-mannered, rude
ongenaakbaar ...bare unapproachable
ongeneeslik ·e incurable
ongeoorloof ·de impermissible, illicit, prohibited
ongepoets ·te ill-mannered
ongeregverdig ·de unjustified
ongerieflik ·e uncomfortable, inconvenient
ongerus ·te worried
ongeskeer ·de unshaven
ongeskik ·te unfit, rude
ongeskonde undamaged
ongeskool ·de unskilled
ongesond ·e unhealthy
ongesteld ·e unwell, upset
ongetroud ·e unmarried
ongevoelig ·e insensitive
ongewapen ·de unarmed
ongewens ·te undesired
ongewild ·e unpopular
ongewoon ...gewone unusual
ongewoond (~ aan) unaccustomed
ongunstig ·e unfavourable, adverse
onhandig ·e clumsy
onherbergsaam ...same inhospitable
onherstelbaar ...bare irreparable
onhoflik ·e discourteous
onhoorbaar ...bare inaudible
oninteressant ·e uninteresting
onjuis ·te incorrect
onkeerbaar ...bare unstoppable, incontrollable
onklaar defective
onkundig ·e ignorant
onlangs ·e recent
onleesbaar ...bare illegible
onmanierlik ·e ill-mannered
onmeetbaar ...bare immeasurable
onmeetlik ·e immense, measureless
onmenslik ·e cruel, inhuman, inhumane
onmiddellik ·e immediate
onmisbaar ...bare indispensable
onmoontlik ·e impossible
onnatuurlik ·e unnatural
onnet untidy 'n onnet baard ·te onnette tafel
onnodig ·e unnecessary
onnosel stupid onnosel mense met doktorsgrade ·e bra onnosele vrae
onnutsig ·e naughty
onontbeerlik ·e indispensable
onooglik ·e unsightly
onoorwinlik ·e unbeatable
onoorwonne unbeaten
onopgevoed ·e uneducated
onophoudelik ·e incessant
onopsetlik ·e unintentional
onpaar mismatched
onpadwaardig ·e unroadworthy
onpartydig ·e impartial
onplesierig ·e unpleasant
onprakties ·e unpractical
onproduktief ...tiewe unproductive
onredelik ·e unreasonable
onregeerbaar ...bare ungovernable
onregstreeks ·e indirect
onregverdig ·e unfair
onrusbarend ·e alarming
onrustig ·e restless, anxious
onsamehangend ·e incoherent
onsedelik ·e immoral
onseker ·e uncertain, unsure
onselfsugtig ·e unselfish
onsigbaar ...bare invisible
onsimpatiek ·e unsympathetic
onsinnig ·e nonsensical, foolish
onskadelik ·e harmless
onskeibaar ...bare inseparable
onskuldig ·e innocent
onsmaaklik ·e unsavoury, unpleasant
onsterflik ·e immortal
onstuimig ·e stormy
ontelbaar ...bare innumerable, countless
ontevrede dissatisfied
onthuts ·te upset
ontoereikend ·e inadequate
ontoerekenbaar ...bare unanswerable
ontroosbaar ...bare inconsolable
ontrou –/·e unfaithful, disloyal
ontsaglik ·e enormous, tremendously, hugely
ontsettend ·e terrible
ontslae (~ van) rid [of]
ontspanne relaxed
ontsteld ·e upset, alarmed
ontvlambaar ...bare inflammable
onvanpas ·te inappropriate
onveilig ·e unsafe
onverantwoord ·e unjustified
onverantwoordelik ·e irresponsible
onverbeterlik ·e unsurpassable
onverbiddelik ·e relentless
onverbloem ·de unconcealed
onverbonde uncommitted
onverdraagsaam ...same intolerant
onvergeeflik ·e unforgivable
onvergeetlik ·e unforgettable
onvergenoeg ·de dissatisfied
onverhandelbaar ...bare unnegotiable
onverklaarbaar ...bare inexplicable
onverkrygbaar ...bare unobtainable
onvermydelik ·e unavoidable
onverskillig ·e careless
onverstaanbaar ...bare incomprehensible
onvertaalbaar ...bare untranslatable
onverwags ·e unexpected
onvoorbereid ·e unprepared
onvoorspelbaar ...bare unpredictable
onvriendelik ·e unfriendly
onvrugbaar ...bare infertile
onwaar onware untrue
onwaarskynlik ·e unlikely
onweerstaanbaar ...bare irresistible
onweerswolk ·e thundercloud
onwelriekend ·e foul-smelling
onwettig ·e illegal
onwillekeurig ·e involuntary
onwillig ·e unwilling, reluctant
oop open 'n oop gemoed ope met ope arms
oorbevolk ·te over-populated
oorbewei ·de overgrazed
oorbluf ·te dumbfounded
oorbodig ·e unnecessary
oorerflik ·e hereditary
oorganklik ·e transitive
oorgeërf ·de inherited
oorgehaal ·de all set
oorgerus ·te over-confident
oorgewig overweight
oorhaastig ·e hurried
oorsees ...sese overseas
oorspronklik ·e original
oortollig ·e superfluous
oortrek covered
oorverdowend ·e deafening, ear-splitting
oorvloedig ·e abundant
oorvol full to overflowing
oostelik ·e easterly, eastern
ooswaarts ·e eastward
opbouend ·e constructive
opdraand ·e uphill
openbaar ...bare public
openhartig ·e frank
opgebruik ·te use up
opgeruimd ·e cheerful
opgeskort ·e suspended
opgeskote adolescent
opgewek ·te light-hearted, upbeat
opgewonde excited
oplettend ·e attentive
oppervlakkig ·e superficial
opreg ·te sincere, genuine
opruiend ·e inflammatory
opsioneel ...nele optional
opstandig ·e rebellious
optimisties ·e optimistic
opvallend ·e noticeable, strike
opvlieënd ·e quick-tempered
opwindend ·e exciting
oranje orange
ordelik ·e in an orderly manner
ordentlik ·e decently
orig ·e remaining, meddlesome
oud ou old die goeie ou dae oue tien jaar oue kind
ouderwets ·e old-fashioned, precocious [child]
oudmodies ·e out of date
ouer older, elder
ouerloos ...lose parentless, orphan
oulik ·e cute
outentiek ·e authentic
outomaties ·e automatic
outyds ·e old-fashioned, ancient
padvaardig ·e ready for the road
padwaardig ·e roadworthy
pakkend ·e gripping
paniekbevange panic-stricken
paniekerig ·e panicky, scared
pap soft, flabby
papbroekig ·e weak-kneed
papnat soaking wet
papsag ·te very soft, slushy
parallel ·le parallel
parlementêr ·e parliamentary
parmantig ·e cocky
partydig ·e partial, prejudiced
pasgebore newborn
paslik ·e suitable, fitting
passief passiewe passive
pateties ·e pathetic
exhausted
peperduur most expensive
perdfris fit as a fiddle
perfek ·te perfect
periodiek ·e periodical
permanent ·e permanent
pers purple
persoonlik ·e personal
pertinent ·e pertinent
pessimisties ·e pessimistic
piekfyn just fine
pienk pink
pieperig ·e frail, feeble, thin
piepklein tiny
pikdonker pitch dark
pikswart pitch-black
pittig ·e pithy, punchy
plaaslik ·e local
plankdun as thin as a rake
plasties ·e plastic
plat flat, colloquial
platsak hard up, broke
platvloers ·e common, coarse
plegtig ·e solemn, dignified
plesierig ·e cheerful, pleasant
pligsgetrou ·e dutiful
plomp ·e succulent, stout 'n plomp lyfie ·e 'n kort, plompe dame
plotseling ·e sudden, suddenly
pluis in order PRED
poedelkaal stark naked
poedelnaak (...nakend ...naakte, ...nakende stark naked
poegaai dog-tired
poepdronk drunk as a lord
politiek ·e political
polities ·e politically PRED, ADV
pootseer footsore
poot-uit exhausted, dog-tired
populêr ·e popular
pornografies ·e pornographic
positief ...tiewe positive
posvry post-free
potensieel ...siële potential
power meagre, poor die Bokke se power vertoning ·e 'n powere poging
praatlustig ·e talkative
pragtig ·e beautiful, lovely
prakties ·e practical
praterig ·e talkative
prehistories ·e prehistoric
Presbiteriaans ·e Presbyterian
presies ·e precise, exact
prettig ·e enjoyable, fun
preuts ·e prudish
prikkelbaar ...bare irritable
prikkelend ·e stimulating
primêr ·e primary
primitief ...tiewe primitive
privaat private private
produktief ...tiewe productive
professioneel ...nele professional
progressief ...siewe progressive
prominent ·e prominent
promisku ·e promiscuous
pront prompt
pront-uit point-blank
propvol chock-full
provinsiaal ...siale provincial
prysenswaardig ·e praiseworthy
publiek ·e public
puik excellent
puntenerig ·e fussy, particular
pynlik ·e painful, sore
pynloos ...lose painless
raad-op at one's wit's end
raadsaam ...same advisable
raaiselagtig ·e puzzling, enigmatic
raak to the point, effective
raar rare strange, unusual
radikaal ...kale radical
ragfyn thin as a cobweb ragfyn handewerk ·e die ragfyne tapisserieë
rammetjie-uitnek swaggering
rampspoedig ·e disastrous
raseg ·te true, thoroughbred
rasend ·e raging
raserig ·e noisy
rasioneel ...nele rational
rassisties ·e racist
rats swift, nimble met 'n rats beweging ·e ratse en akkurate spronge
realisties ·e realistic
rebels ·e rebellious
redelik ·e reasonable, quite, fair
redeloos ...lose irrational
redeloos ...lose brute, without reasoning
reëel reële real
reëlmatig ·e regular
reënerig ·e rainy
reënwind ·e rain wind
refleksief ...siewe reflexive
reg ·te right, correct
regmatig ·e rightful
regop upright, erect
regs ·e right, right-handed, right-wing, rightist
regsgesind ·e rightwing, conservative
regstreeks ·e direct
regterkantse right-hand
reguit straight
regverdig ·e just, righteous
rein pure, chaste met 'n rein gewete ·e die reine waarheid
reisvaardig ·e ready for the road
rekbaar ...bare elastic
relatief ...tiewe relative
relevant ·e relevant
religieus ·e religious
rêrig ·e really
respektabel ·e respectable
reukloos ...lose odourless
reusagtig ·e gigantic
revolusionêr ·e revolutionary
rietskraal as thin as a rake
rigtingloos ...lose undirected
ritmies ·e rhythmical
ritueel ....tuele ritual
roekeloos ...lose reckless
roemryk ·e famous, renowned
roerend ·e touching, moving
roerloos ...lose motionless
roeskleurig ·e rust-coloured
roesvry ·e rustproof
roeswerend ·e anti-rust
rojaal ...jale generous
romanties ·e romantic
romerig ·e creamy
rond ·e round
rondborstig ·e frank, candid
rondgaande travelling ATTR
rondomtalie round and round ADV
rooi red
rooibont red and white
rooibruin reddish-brown
roomkleurig ·e cream-coloured
rooskleurig ·e rosy, pink
rotsagtig ·e rocky
rotsvas ·te firm as a rock
rou raw, hoarse rou vleis ·e roue krete van opstand
rouerig ·e underdone, half raw
ru ·we rough, rude
rugbaar –, PRED known
ruig ruie bushy, thickly overgrown
ruim spacious, abundant 'n ruim vyfslaapkamerhuis ·e ruime geldelike steun
ruimhartig ·e generous
ruiterlik ·e openly
rukkerig ·e jerky
rumoerig ·e noisy
rusiemakerig ·e quarrelsome
rusteloos ...lose restless
rustig ·e peaceful, tranquil
ryk rich, fertile 'n ryk Kaapse familie ·e ryke erfenis
ryp ripe, mature ryp vrugte ·e op rype ouderdom
rypvry ·e frostless
rysig ·e tall
saai dull, unexciting
saaklik ·e concise
saamgesteld ·e compound
sag ·te soft, light
saggeaard ·e of gentle nature
salig ·e blessed
sanderig ·e sandy
sappig ·e juicy
sat sick and tired of
sedelik ·e moral
sedeloos ...lose immoral
sedig ·e prim
seepglad ·de as slippery as an eel
seer sore, painful
seesiek seasick
seker ·e certainly, probably
seksueel seksuele sexual
seldsaam ...same rare
selektief ...tiewe selective
selfbewus ·te self-conscious
selfde same ATTR
selfstandig ·e autonomous
selfsugtig ·e selfish, egoistic
selfversekerd ·e self-confident
selfversorgend ·e self-supporting
semanties ·e semantic
seniel ·e senile
senior senior
sensasioneel ...nele sensational
sensitief ...tiewe sensitive
sentimenteel ...tele sentimental
sentraal sentrale central
senu[wee]agtig ·e nervous
senutergend ·e nerve-wracking
seperig ·e soapy
seremonieel ...niële ceremonial
serieus ·e serious
sesjarig ·e six year old
sewejarig ·e seven year old
siek ill, sick
siekerig ·e ailing
sieklik ·e sickly, in bad health
sieldodend ·e dull, monotonous
sielkundig ·e psychological
sielsiek ·e mentally ill
siende seeing
sierlik ·e graceful, elegant
sigbaar ...bare visible
sigsag zigzag
silwerskoon spotlessly clean
simpatiek ·e sympathetic
simpel silly, feeble-minded die simpel selfoon werk nie ·e simpele grappies
sindelik ·e clean, tidy
sinies ·e cynical
sinlik ·e sensual
sinloos ...lose senseless, meaningless
sinneloos ...lose insane
sinryk ·e full of meaning
sintakties ·e syntactic
sirkelvormig ·e circular
sistematies ·e systematic
sjarmant ·e charming
skaamteloos ...lose shameless
skadelik ·e harmful, damaging
skadeloos ...lose harmless
skamel ·e scanty
skamerig ·e bashful, shy
skandalig ·e outrageous
skandelik ·e disgraceful
skatlik ·e sweet
skattig ·e sweet
skeef skewe skew, crooked
skeel squint-eyed
skeibaar ...bare separable
skelm sly, cunning
skeppend ·e creative
skepties ·e sceptical
skerp sharp die skerp reaksie ·e in skerpe teenstelling
skerpsinnig ·e keen-witted, sharp
skertsend ·e jokingly, in fun
skielik ·e sudden
skietlustig ·e trigger-happy
skilderagtig ·e picturesque
skitterend ·e sparkling, brilliant
skokkend ·e shocking
skoolsiek malingering, playing truant
skoon clean, clear, beautiful skoon water skone die skone geslag
skoonveld vanished
skor hoarse
skotig ·e gradually sloping
skotvry scot-free, out of range
skouspelagtig ·e spectacular
skraal thin, lean hierdie skraal man skrale een skrale moontlikheid
skrams grazing, glancing 'n skrams blik op die hospitaalbed ·e 'n skramse piksoentjie
Ostrander clever, bright
skraps scanty, meagre 'n kamer met skraps meublement ·e 'n skrapse begroting
skreeuend ·e screaming
skreeulelik ·e frightfully ugly
skreeusnaaks ·e screamingly funny
skreiend ·e crying
skriftelik ·e written
skrikaanjaend ·e terrifying
skrikkerig ·e nervous, afraid
skrikwekkend ·e frightening, alarming
sku shy, timid 'n sku en seldsame jakkals ·we haar skuwe glimlaggie
skugter timid, shy skugter nagapies en muishonde ·e 'n soort skugtere teerheid
skuins skew, slanting, oblique
skuldig ·e guilty
skunnig ·e salacious
skurf skurwe chapped, rough, smutty
skynbaar ...bare apparent(-ly)
skynheilig ·e hypocritical
slaags came to blows
slank ·e slim, slender
slap limp, weak
slapeloos ...lose sleepless
slaperig ·e sleepy, drowsy
sleg ·te poor, bad, evil
slim clever, smart slim planne ·me die slimme tannie Poppie van die ouetehuis
slinks ·e underhand, cunning
slonsig ·e slovenly
slordig ·e untidy, slipshod
slu cunning, wily slu ogies ·we die sluwe jakkals
slymerig ·e slimy
smaaklik ·e tasty, appetising
smaakloos ...lose tasteless
smalend ·e sneering
smekend ·e pleading
smerig ·e filthy
smoorkwaad enraged
snaaks ·e funny, odd
snaakserig ·e rather funny
snedig ·e cutting
snerpend ·e biting
snikheet ...hete sweltering
snipperig ·e pert, snippy
snoesig ·e cuddly, comfortable
sober sober sober gewoontes ·e sobere sakebeginsels
soel sultry
soepel supple soepel hande ·e soepele taal
soet sweet sterk swart soet koffie ·e soete wraak
soeterig ·e rather sweet
soetsappig ·e namby-pamby, mushy
sogenaamd ·e so-called
solied ·e solid
somber sombre, gloomy 'n baie somber stemming ·e sombere pessimisme
sommige some
sonderling ·e strange
sondig ·e sinful
sonnig ·e sunny
soortgelyk ·e similar
sorgloos ...lose carefree
sorgvuldig ·e thorough
sorgwekkend ·e alarming
sosiaal sosiale social
sosialisties ·e socialist
soveelste umpteenth ATTR
spaarsaam ...same thrifty
spandabel ·e extravagant
spandabelrig ·e extravagant
spannend ·e tense, exciting
spelerig ·e playful
spesiaal spesiale special
spesifiek ·e specific
speuls ·e rutting, on heat
spieëlglad ·de as smooth as a mirror
spierwit snow white
spitsvondig ·e witty
splinternuut ...nuwe brand new
spoedig ·e soon
spoggerig ·e swanky, smart
spontaan ...tane spontaneous
spookagtig ·e spooky, eerie
spoorloos ...lose trackless
sportief ...tiewe sporting
sportmal ·le crazy about sport
spotgoedkoop dirt-cheap
spottend ·e mocking, jeering
spraaksaam ...same talkative
sprakeloos ...lose speechless
sprankelend ·e sparkling, scintillating
springlewendig ·e very much alive
sprokiesagtig ·e fairy-like
spyt sorry PRED
staande standing
stabiel ·e stable, firm
stadig ·e slow
stamperig ·e bumpy
stampvol packed
stapelgek raving mad
star fixed 'n star blik ·re starre eiesinnigheid
statig ·e dignified
stedelik ·e urban
steeks jibbing
steil steep
stekelrig ·e thorny, prickly
stelselmatig ·e systematic
stemgeregtig ·de entitled to vote
stemhebbend ·e voiced
stemloos ...lose voiceless
stemmig ·e quiet, subdued
sterflik ·e mortal
steriel ·e sterile
sterk strong, powerful sterk swart soet koffie ·e 'n sterke derduiwel
steurend ·e disturbing
stewig ·e firm
stikdonker pitch-dark
stil quiet, calm 'n stil en veilige voorstad ·le 'n stille versugting
stip ·te accurate, punctual
stofdig ·te dust-proof
stoflik ·e material
stokblind ·e stone-blind
stokdoof ...dowe stone-deaf
stokoud ...ou very old
stokstyf ...stywe as stiff as a poker
stom dumb stom getuies ·me in stomme verbasing
stomgeslaan ...slane astounded, taken aback
stomp blunt
stompsinnig ·e idiotic
stormagtig ·e stormy
stout naughty stout kinders ·e die stoute karnallies
straf strawwe severe
strafbaar ...bare punishable
strak tense, grim strak gesigte ·ke 'n strakke eenvormigheid
stralend ·e radiant
strategies ·e strategic
strelend ·e caressing
streng strict, stern streng eise ·e aan strenge voorwaardes voldoen
stroef stroewe grim
stroom-op difficult [of people]
stroopsoet as sweet as honey
strydlustig ·e eager to fight
stug reserved, unfriendly die stug uitdrukking ·ge stugge stilswye
stuitig ·e silly
stukkend ·e broken, in pieces
stuurs ·e surly, unfriendly
styf stywe stiff
stylvol ·le in good style, elegant
subjektief ...tiewe subjective
subtiel ·e subtle
subtropies ·e subtropical
suf suwwe dull, drowsy
Suid-Afrikaans ·e South African
Suid-Amerikaans ·e South American
suidelik ·e southern
suidoostelik ·e south-easterly
suikersoet sweet as sugar
suinig ·e stingy
suiwer pure met haar suiwer stem ·e 'n suiwere en objektiewe feiteweergawe
sulke such
summier ·e forthwith
suur sour, unpleasant
swaar heavy, difficult voor die swaar dae kom sware 'n sware stryd kom
swaarlywig ·e corpulent, stout
swaarmoedig ·e depressed
swak weak swak punte swakke die swakke enkeling
swaksinnig ·e mentally deficient
swanger pregnant
swart black
swartgallig ·e pessimistic
swierig ·e elegant, jaunty
swoel sultry
swygsaam ...same silent
sydelings ·e indirect, sidelong
taai sticky, tough 'n taai stryd ·e taaie volharding
taalkundig ·e linguistic
taamlik ·e quite
taktloos ...lose tactless
taktvol ·le tactful
talentvol ·le talented
talle numerous ATTR
talloos ...lose innumerable
talryk ·e numerous
tam weary
tamaai huge 'n tamaai bos blomme ·e 'n tamaaie vragmotor vol beeste
tartend ·e provocative
tasbaar ...bare tangible
teenoorgesteld ·e opposite
teensinnig ·e reluctant
teenstrydig ·e contradictory
teenwoordig ·e present
teer tender, delicate 'n teer onderwerp tere tere aanraking
teësinnig ·e reluctant
tegemoetkomend ·e accommodating
tegnies ·e technical
teleurgesteld ·e disappointed
temerig ·e drawling
tenger fragile, weak
terloops ·e casual, by the way
terneergedruk ·te dejected, downhearted
teruggetrokke reserved
terughoudend ·e reserved
tevrede satisfied
tipies ·e typical
tiranniek ·e tyrannical
toegeeflik ·e lenient
toegewyd ·e dedicated
toekomend ·e future
toekomstig ·e future
toelaatbaar ...bare permissible
toenemend ·e increasing
toepaslik ·e appropriate
toereikend ·e adequate
toerekenbaar ...bare accountable
toeskietlik ·e accommodating, obliging
toevallig ·e chance, accidental
toiingrig ·e tattered
toonaangewend ·e leading
topswaar top-heavy
totaal ...tale total
totalitêr ·e totalitarian
traag trae slow, lazy
traak-my-nie-agtig ·e devil-may-care, irresponsible
tradisievas ·te tradition-bound
tradisioneel ...nele traditional
tragies ·e tragic
transitief ...tiewe transitive
treffend ·e striking, moving
treurig ·e sad, miserable
triestig ·e gloomy, dreary
triomfantelik ·e triumphant
troebel ·e turbid, muddy
troosteloos ...lose inconsolable
tropies ·e tropical
trots ·e proud
trou ·e faithful, loyal
troueloos ...lose disloyal
tuis at home PRED
tuisgemaak ·te home-made
tweedaags ·e two-day
tweedehands ·e second-hand
tweetalig ·e bilingual
tweeweekliks ·e bi-monthly
twintigste-eeus ·e twentieth-century
twisgierig ·e quarrelsome
twyfelagtig ·e doubtful
tydelik ·e temporary
tydig ·e timely
tydrowend ·e time-consuming
tydsaam ...same slow
uit-asem breathless
uitbundig ·e exuberant
uitdagend ·e defiant, provocative
uitdrukkingloos ...lose expressionless
uitdruklik ·e emphatic
uiteenlopend ·e divergent
uiteindelik ·e eventually
uiterste extreme
uitgebreid ·e extensive
uitgedien ·de obsolete
uitgedos ·te dressed up
uitgegroei ·de full-grown
uitgehonger ·de starving, craving
uitgeknip ·te exact
uitgelate elated
uitgelese select
uitgeput ·te exhausted
uitgerek ·te drawn out
uitgeslape shrewd
uitgesoek ·te hand-picked
uitgestrek ·te extensive, vast
uitgeteer ·de emaciated
uitgevat ·te dressed up
uitgevreet ...vrete big and fat
uitgewerk ·te answered, extinct
uitheems ·e outlandish, exotic
uithuisig ·e not at home
uitmuntend ·e excellent
uitspattig ·e loud, excessive
uitstaande outstanding
uitstekend ·e excellent
uitvoerig ·e detailed
uitwaarts ·e outward
uitwendig ·e external
ultramodern ·e ultra-modern
uniek ·e unique
universeel ...sele universal
urelank ...lange lasting for hours
uvulêr ·e uvular
vaag vae vague
vaak sleepy
vaal ash-coloured, dull
vaalgrys greyish, mouse-coloured
vaardig ·e skilful
vaderlik ·e fatherly
vaderloos ...lose fatherless
vakant ·e vacant
vakerig ·e drowsy
vals false 'n vals noot ·e valse bewerings
vasberade determined
vasbeslote resolute
vatbaar ...bare open to, susceptible to
vatterig ·e fond of pawing [e.g. girls]
veelbewoë eventful
veeleisend ·e demanding
veelkleurig ·e multicoloured
veelrassig ·e multiracial
veelseggend ·e significant
veelsydig ·e versatile
veeltalig ·e multilingual
veelvuldig ·e multiple
veerkragtig ·e resilient
veglustig ·e militant, wanting to fight
veilig ·e safe, secure
vel-af bruised
velêr ·e velar
veneries ·e venereal
venynig ·e venomous, malignant
ver far ver plekke ·re in die verre toekoms
veraf far away
verafgeleë faraway, distant
veragtelik ·e despicable
verantwoordelik ·e responsible, answerable
verban ·ne exiled
verbasend ·e amazing
verbluf ·te dumbfounded
verblydend ·e gladdening
verbode prohibited
verbonde attached
verbouereerd ·e flustered
verbrand ·e burnt, blooming
verbysterd ·e bewildered
verdag ·te suspected, suspicious
verdedigend ·e defensive
verdien ·de deserved
verdienstelik ·e meritorious
verdraagsaam ...same tolerant
verdrietig ·e sorrowful, rueful
verdwaal ·de lost
verenig ·de united
verflenter ·de tattered
verfoeilik ·e detestable
verfrissend ·e refreshing
verfynd ·e refined
vergeefs ·e in vain
vergeetagtig ·e absent-minded
vergelykend ·e comparative
vergesog ·te far-fetched
vergewensgesind ·e forgiving
vergiftig ·de poisoned
verkieslik ·e preferable
verkrygbaar ...bare obtainable
verkwikkend ·e refreshing
verlate deserted, lonely
verlede last, past
verleë embarrassed
verleidelik ·e seductive, tempting
verlief ·de in love
verloof ·de engaged
vermaaklik ·e amusing, entertaining
vermeende suspected
vermetel ·e shameless
vermoeiend ·e tiring
vernaam ...name important, distinguished
vernederend ·e humiliating
vernielsugtig ·e destructive
verniet free, in vain
vernietigend ·e destructive, slashing
vernuftig ·e ingenious
verontwaardig ·de indignant
verplig ·te compulsory, obliged
verpligtend ·e compulsory
verraderlik ·e treacherous
verrassend ·e surprising
verregaande outrageous
verreikend ·e far-reaching
versadig ·de satisfied [appetite]
versigtig ·e careful
verskriklik ·e terrible, horrible
verskuldig ·de due
verslaaf ·de addicted
verslae dumbfounded
verslete threadbare
verslons ·te slovenly, untidy
versot (~ op) keen
verspot ·te silly
verstandelik ·e mental
verstandig ·e sensible, intelligible
versteen ·de petrified
verstom ·de speechless, dumbfounded
verstreke expired
verteenwoordigend ·e representative
verteerbaar ...bare digestible
vertikaal ...kale vertical
vertraag ·de retarded, delayed
vertroud ·e trusty, familiar [with]
vertroulik ·e confidential
vervalle dilapidated, emaciated [face]
vervals ·te forged, counterfeit
vervelend ·e boring
vervelig ·e boring
vervlakste damned, confounded
vervloek ·te damned, cursed
verwaand ·e arrogant, conceited
verwaarloos ·te neglected
verwant ·e related
verward ·e confused, bewildered
verwese dazed, stunned
verwoed ·e fierce
verwoes ·te devastated
verwoestend ·e devastating
verwyf ·de effeminate
vet fat
vetterig ·e greasy, fattish
vierhoekig ·e quadrangular
vierkantig ·e square
viertalig ·e quadrilingual
viervoetig ·e quadruped
vies annoyed
vieserig ·e rather disgusted
vieslik ·e filthy
viets ·e spruce
vindingryk ·e ingenious, resourceful
vingeralleen all alone
vinnig ·e fast, quick
vitterig ·e fault-finding, carping
vlak shallow
vleiend ·e flattering, complementing
vlekvry ·e stainless
vloeibaar ...bare liquid
vlootblou navy blue
vlot fluent
vlugtig ·e brief, casual
voedsaam ...same nourishing
voëlvry outlawed
voetseer footsore
vogtig ·e damp, humid
vol full 'n vol glas ·le die volle tydperk
voldoende sufficient
voldonge (~ feit) accomplished fact, fait accompli ATTR
volgende next ATTR
volkome complete
volledig ·e full, complete
volmaak ·te perfect
volop abundant, plentiful
volslae complete ATTR
voltallig ·e all present
voltooid ·e complete
voltyds ·e full-time
volwasse adult, mature
voorafgaande ·e preceding
voorbarig ·e rash, foreward
voorbeeldig ·e exemplary
voordelig ·e advantageous, profitable
voorgeskrewe prescribed
voorlaaste penultimate, last but one
voorlopig ·e provisional
voormalig ·e former, onetime
voorskools ·e pre-school
voorspoedig ·e prosperous
voorsprong ·e advantage, lead
voorste front, first ATTR
voortdurend ·e continuous
voortreflik ·e excellent
voortvarend ·e rash, impetuous
vooruitstrewend ·e progressive
voos perished, spongy
vorige previous, former ATTR
vorstelik ·e princely, royal
vraatsugtig ·e gluttonous
vrank acrid
vredeliewend ·e peace-loving
vreedsaam ...same peaceful
vreemd ·e strange
vreesaanjaend ·e terrifying, fearsome
vreeslik ·e terrible
vrekkerig ·e stingy
vriendelik ·e friendly, kind
vriendskaplik ·e friendly [match]
vroeër ·e earlier, former ATTR, ADV
vroeg vroeë early
vroegtydig ·e early, in good time
vrolik ·e cheerful, merry
vroom pious, sanctimonious 'n vroom teologiese student vrome onder 'n vrome dekmantel
vrot rotten, feeble [inf.]
vrotsig ·e incompetent, feeble
vroulik ·e feminine, female
vrugbaar ...bare fertile, fruitful
vrugteloos ...lose fruitless, futile
vry ·e free
vrygelate freed, released
vrygewig ·e generous
vrypostig ·e forward, pert
vrywillig ·e voluntary
vuil dirty, filthy 'n klomp vuil gesiggies ·e 'n vuile sondaar
vulgêr ·e vulgar
vurig ·e fiery, fervent
vuurvas ·te fire-proof
vuurwarm boiling hot, red-hot
vyandelik ·e enemy, hostile
vyandig ·e hostile
waaghalsig ·e reckless, daring
waaksaam ...same watchful, vigilant
waansinnig ·e insane
waar ware true, real
waardeloos ...lose worthless
waardevol ·le valuable
waardig ·e dignified
waarnemend ·e acting
waarskynlik ·e probable
waffers ·e quite good
wakker awake, alert
walglik ·e nauseating, sickening
wanhopig ·e desperate
wankelrig ·e wavering, unsteady
wanordelik ·e disorderly
wantrouig ·e distrustful, suspicious
warm hot, warm warm water en seep ·e met warme nostalgie
wasig ·e hazy
waterdig ·te waterproof
waterig ·e watery
waterloos ...lose waterless
waternat soaking wet
waterpas dead level
wederkerend ·e reflexive
wederkerig ·e reciprocal
wederregtelik ·e illegal
wedersyds ·e mutual
weekliks ·e weekly
weelderig ·e luxurious
weemoedig ·e melancholy, sad
weerbaar ...bare able to defend oneself
weerbarstig ·e unruly
weerloos ...lose defenceless
weersinwekkend ·e repulsive
weetgierig ·e eager for information
weinig little, few
wel well PRED
welbekend ·e well-known
weldadig ·e glorious, blissful
weldeurdag ·te well thought out
welgemoed cheerful PRED
welgeskape well-formed
welgesteld ·e well-off
welig ·e luxuriant
welkom ·e welcome
welmenend ·e benevolent
weloorwoë well-considered
welopgevoed ·e well-educated
welriekend ·e fragrant
welsprekend ·e eloquent
welvarend ·e prosperous
welverdiend ·e well-deserved
welwillend ·e benevolent
wenslik ·e desirable
werd –, PRED worth
wêreldberoemd ·e world famous
werklik ·e real
werkloos ...lose unemployed
werksaam ...same employed
werksku work-shy
wesenlik ·e essential
westelik ·e westerly, western
wetenskaplik ·e scientific
wetlik ·e legal
wetties ·e legalistic, adhering to the letter of the law
wettig ·e lawful, legitimate
wild ·e wild
wildvreemd ·e utterly strange
willekeurig ·e arbitrary
winderig ·e windy
windmakerig ·e smart, flashy
windskeef ...skewe lop-sided, skew
windstil windless
winsgewend ·e profitable
wispelturig ·e fickle, capricious
wisselend ·e changing, varying
wit white
witterig ·e whitish
woedend ·e furious
woelig ·e fidgety, busy, turbulent
woes ·te desolate, wild
wolkeloos ...lose cloudless
wollerig ·e woolly
wonderbaarlik ·e miraculous
wonderlik ·e wonderful
woonagtig –, PRED resident, living
wraakgierig ·e vindictive
wrang ·e bitter [fig.]
wreed wrede cruel
wreedaardig ·e barbarous, brutal
wulps ·e sexy
wyd wye wide
wydverspreid ·e widespread
wys ·e wise, sensible
ydel vain, empty 'n ydel droom ·e ydele praatjies
yl thin
ylhoofdig ·e delirious, light-headed
ysere iron [fig.]
ysig ·e icy
ysingwekkend ·e gruesome, hair-raising
yskoud ...koue ice cold
yslik ·e terrible, huge
ysterhard ·e as hard as iron
ystersterk strong as iron
ywerig ·e diligent, zealous
References
  • Kotzé, E.F1984Afrikaans in die Maleierbuurt: 'n diachroniese perspektief.Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe2441-73,
  • Raidt, E.H1983Einführung in Geschichte und Struktur des Afrikaans.ReeksWissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft
  • Raidt, E.H1994Nederlandse en Afrikaanse spreektaal in die 17de en 18de eeu.Bundels
  • Raidt, E.H1994Nederlandse en Afrikaanse spreektaal in die 17de en 18de eeu.Bundels
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